Japanese
Japanese grammar and vocabulary: find the predicate, sort out each role, then choose the connection and tone. Seven notes that form one series.
Japanese notes 1 | Sentence structure: predicates, case frames and particles
A seven-step way to parse a Japanese sentence, the root causes of common errors, noun sentences and demonstratives, case frames and the main particles, wa / ga / ni wa, and movement, transfers and deru.
Japanese notes 2 | Conjugation and connection: plain forms, te-forms and transitivity
The four plain forms, how i-adjectives, na-adjectives and nouns connect, te- and ta-form sound changes, transitive and intransitive verbs with naru / suru, te iru, te shimau and te kuru / te iku.
Japanese notes 3 | Time and clauses: toki, nominalization, relative clauses and purpose
Points in time, durations, frequency and deadlines; relative tense in toki, mae ni, ato de and te kara; the scope of koto / no with wasureru; relative clauses; purpose with ni iku, tame ni and usage; the masu stem.
Japanese notes 4 | Reasons, intentions and sources: n desu, kara, tsumori and sō
N desu, kara / node / tame, noni and other contrasts, listing with tari and shi, the wake family, to omou and yō ni iu, plans and intentions, inference and hearsay.
Japanese notes 5 | Everyday interaction: giving and receiving, comparison, adverbs and shop phrases
Giving and receiving from the family’s point of view, comparison and onaji, adverbs of time and frequency, hō ga ii and requests, asking and paying in shops, compound particles such as ni tsuite, tanoshii versus tanoshimi, and set phrases for feeling unwell.
Japanese notes 6 | Vocabulary and readings: katakana, nouns, a verb index and counters
113 katakana entries with their collocations, nouns and adjectives, a verb index that keeps each case frame, and dates, counters and special readings.
Japanese notes 7 | Review: 43 common traps, a connection table and the revision log
The 43 common traps from the source handbook, a connection table for four word classes, a four-layer check and review path, plus the revision log, the 95-page source map and the external references.