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Explore the architecture, data flows and design trade-offs behind everyday tools.

2 articles

Engineering · Research note2026.11.01

The VPN Manager I want to build: let different apps use their own VPNs

I want to develop VPN Manager: plan independent VPN Instances for different apps and services, native Linux isolation, fail-closed behavior, Provider bootstrapping and traffic monitoring.

Architecture
Networking
Privacy
Security

About 21 min read

Engineering · Research note2026.10.25

How does a piece of text become a reliable webpage translation?

From DOM extraction and shared scheduling to output validation and safe writeback: 18 diagrams explain the architecture, data flows and design trade-offs of the Browser Script Manager translation system.

Architecture
Privacy
Security

About 38 min read

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